Numerical computing approach for solving Hunter-Saxton equation arising in liquid crystal model through sinc collocation method

In this study, numerical treatment of liquid crystal model described through Hunter-Saxton equation (HSE) has been presented by sinc collocation technique through theta weighted scheme due to its enormous applications including, defects, phase diagrams, self-assembly, rheology, phase transitions, interfaces, and integrated biological applications in mesophase materials and processes. Sinc functions provide the procedure for function approximation over all types of domains containing singularities, semi-infinite or infinite domains. Sinc functions have been used to reduce HSE into an algebraic system of equations that makes the solution quite superficial. These algebraic equations have been interpreted as matrices. This projected that sinc collocation technique is considerably efficacious on computational ground for higher accuracy and convergence of numerical solutions. Stability analysis of the proposed technique has ensured the accuracy and reliability of the method, moreover, as the stability parameter satisfied the condition the proposed solution of the problem converges. The solution of the HSE is presented through graphical figures and tables for different cases that are constructed on various values of θ and collocation points. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed technique is analyzed on the basis of absolute errors.This research has been partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades grant number PGC2018-0971-B-100 and Fundación Séneca -Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia grant number 20783/PI/18. Also, It has been supported by the National Research Program for Universities (NRPU), Higher Education Commission, Pakistan, No. 8103/Punjab/NRPU/R and D/HEC/2017

Effect of Strenuous Exercise on Various Blood Parameters in Polo Horses at High Altitude (3,734 M)

Horses require heaps of energy in order to perform well. Proper care and management should therefore be provided to the racehorses so as to keep they perform at their optimum. The experiment used for normal horses. The blood samples were collected in the morning before subjecting the horses to polo match/ strenuous exercise and immediately after the physical activity. Various blood tests such as the complete blood count, lipid, protein tests were done. Significant elevations in the white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and some serological parameters in the blood polo horses were recorded after exercise. This study confirmed the findings of exercise on different blood parameters which can be possibly used as an index of fitness in horses

Channel Clustering and QoS Level Identification Scheme for Multi-Channel Cognitive Radio Networks

The increasing popularity of wireless services and devices necessitates high bandwidth requirements; however, spectrum resources are not only limited but also heavily underutilized. Multiple license channels that support the same levels of QoS are desirable to resolve the problems posed by the scarcity and inefficient use of spectrum resources in multi-channel cognitive radio networks (MCRNs). One reason is that multimedia services and applications have distinct, stringent QoS requirements. However, due to a lack of coordination between primary and secondary users, identifying the QoS levels supported over available licensed channels has proven to be problematic and has yet to be attempted. This article presents a novel Bayesian non-parametric channel clustering scheme, which identifies the QoS levels supported over available license channels. The proposed scheme employs the infinite Gaussian mixture model and collapsed Gibbs sampler to identify the QoS levels from the feature space of the bit rate, packet delivery ratio, and packet delay variation of licensed channels. Moreover, the real measurements of wireless data traces and comparisons with baseline clustering schemes are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme

Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. Findings In 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500–564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6·1% (5·8–6·5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9·3% [8·7–9·9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12·3% [11·5–13·0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world’s highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76·1% (73·1–79·5) in individuals aged 75–79 years. Total diabetes prevalence—especially among older adults—primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96·0% (95·1–96·8) of diabetes cases and 95·4% (94·9–95·9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52·2% (25·5–71·8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24·3% (18·5–30·4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1·31 billion (1·22–1·39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16·8% (16·1–17·6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11·3% (10·8–11·9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43·6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Effects on Consumer Purchase Intentions through Online Marketing Activities: Evidence from Australian Retail Sector Consumers

It is the goal of this study to investigate the most fundamental components of Internet marketing or digital marketing that have an impact on consumers' intentions to purchase in the retail sector of Australia. This study also analyses the aspects of online marketing that contribute to either an increase or a decrease in the level of consumer intention for a certain retail establishment's products or services. According to the findings of the study, many aspects of online marketing influence a consumer's choice to purchase a product from a store on the internet. These aspects include the consumer's perception of trust, communication, and the consumer's sense of the responsiveness of the online platform to their interactions with other consumers all of which play a role in a consumer's view of the quality of a brand. Nevertheless, trust and open communication are the most important variables

Effects of Social Media Marketing on Consumer Purchase Intention in the Retail Sector of Australia

This research aims to determine how social media marketing affects consumer purchase intent in Australia's retail industry. The study's main goal is to see if social media marketing impacts customer purchase intent and brand equity as a moderator between dependent and independent variables. The data comes from Austria's retail sector and is based on five cities: Sydney, Perth, Melbourne, Brisbane, and Adelaide. By utilizing social media channels in the implementation of the survey strategy, a survey questionnaire with a size of 385 valid responses is made available to a targeted audience of the retail industry in Australia. The mixed methodologies research with a cross-sectional time horizon and a deductive research strategy for this study is used. The study's findings show that social media positively correlates with consumer purchase intention, and brand equity moderates the relationship between the dependent and independent variables, as evidenced by correlation, regression, and exploratory factor analysis

On the dynamical behavior of nonlinear Fitzhugh-Nagumo and Bateman-Burger equations in quantum model using Sinc collocation scheme

The main objective of this study is to numerically investigate the dynamical behavior of nonlinear Fitzhugh-Nagumo and Bateman-Burger systems through the Sinc collocation method by means of the theta-weighted scheme on various grid points of time-dependent evolutionary one spatial dimension in open quantum flow field model. The proposed technique based on the Sinc function is treated as a shape function to transform the governing nonlinear partial differential equation into an algebraic system. To approximate the time and spatial derivatives, finite difference scheme and the theta-weighted scheme have been used simultaneously due to the occurrence of infinite domain and multiple singularities. The effectiveness of the proposed results on the computational ground is illustrated graphically for better understanding and reliable performance of the design scheme is endorsed based on assessments of achieved accuracy in terms of stability analysis and convergence analysis

Relevancy of Nizatidine’s Release from Floating Tablets with Viscosity of Various Cellulose Ethers

Nizatidine is a gastroprotective drug with a short biological half-life and narrow absorption window. This study aimed at developing floating tablets of nizatidine using various HPMC viscosity grades, namely K4M, E4M, K15 and K200M. Directly compressed tablets revealed an excellent uniformity in hardness, thickness and weight and nizatidine was evenly distributed within the matrix floating tablets. Buoyancy study revealed floating lag time as low as 18–38 s, and tablets remain buoyant for upto 24 h. However, the later depended upon viscosity grade of HPMC and that the higher the viscosity, the less was the total floating time. In vitro dissolution indicated viscosity dependent nizatidine release from the floating tablets. HPMC K4M and E4M based floating tablets released almost 100% drug in 12 h, whilst higher viscosity polymers such as K15 and K200M only released 81.88% and 75.81% drug, respectively. The drug release followed non-Fickian diffusion from tablets formulated with K4M, K15 and K200M, whilst super case II transport was observed with E4M based tablets. More interestingly, K4M and E4M polymers have similar viscosity yet exhibited different drug release mechanism. This was attributed to the difference in degree of substitution of methoxyl- and hydroxypropoxyl- groups on polymer backbone

Mucomycoses identified using the COVID-19 health impacts with mucomycoses consider the COVID-19: A multi-center study

Objective: The study's participants had mucormycosis associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the researchers sought to describe their clinical characteristics, risk factors, and ultimate findings (CAM). Study Design: A Multi-center Study. Place and Duration: NTH AND HMC hospital Peshawar. Duration July 2019 to July 2020. Methods: Overall, this research included 180 cases in which both sexes showed signs of mucormycosis during the pandemic coronavirus outbreak of 2016. Patients were between the ages of 22 and 80. After obtaining written permission from each patient, demographic information such as age, sex, BMI, and illness duration was gathered. Patients were hospitalized in COVID-19 emergency ward and underwent RT-PCR and MRIs. Mucormycosis was examined for its comorbidities, symptoms, and etiology. End-of-study death rates, hospitalizations, and admissions to intensive care units were all tallied up. To analyze the complete dataset, the SPSS 20.0 version was used. Result: There were 130 men and 50 females in the study population (26.6 percent ). The patients had a mean age of 52.44 years and a mean BMI of 27.74 kg/m2. In this research, 54 (62.2 percent) patients had COVID-19, and 35 (38.9 percent) had coronavirus.&nbsp

The endocrine system in Covid-19 experiencing monitoring A multi-center study of Pakistan

SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new coronavirus that surfaced in December 2019 and is accountable for a pandemic. A wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from the absence of symptoms to multisystem organ failure due to hypoxaemic acute respiratory syndrome, are recorded. Coronavirus illness 2019's effect on endocrine glands is not yet clear. To help patients with chronic endocrine illnesses, we may draw on prior research on viruses in the same family to provide treatment options. Treatment for SARS-CoV-2 must not be halted if these patients are infected. Hormone replacement therapy dosages may need to be raised in certain circumstances. Hormonal biological surveillance is required in the event of deteriorating clinical symptoms. This article will assist improve the treatment of chronic endocrine illnesses that might impair thyroid, adrenal, gonad, and pituitary gland activities. Subjects infected with COVID-19 or those in touch with COVID-19-infected individuals might be studied using these ideas